| High-Velocity Cervical Manipulation |
Vertebral artery dissection, stroke, and spinal cord injury. The single highest-severity claim type in chiropractic — though rare, outcomes can be catastrophic. |
Primary risk driver; carriers evaluate cervical adjustment protocols, screening procedures, and informed consent documentation. |
| Manipulation Under Anesthesia (MUA) |
Sedation adds anesthesia risk to manipulation risk. Fracture, ligament tears, and nerve damage during forced range of motion. Requires surgical center and additional credentialing. |
Significant surcharge; some carriers exclude MUA entirely. Requires proof of credentialing and facility accreditation. |
| Failure to Refer / Missed Red Flags |
Not recognizing fractures, tumors, infections, cauda equina syndrome, or vascular conditions that require immediate medical referral. Common basis for chiropractic malpractice claims. |
High claim frequency; carriers evaluate screening protocols, imaging use, and referral documentation. |
| Pediatric / Prenatal Chiropractic |
Treating infants, children, and pregnant patients carries higher duty-of-care scrutiny and public perception risk. Limited evidence base for some pediatric indications. |
May require specific endorsement; some carriers restrict or exclude pediatric manipulation under age 2. |
| Spinal Decompression Therapy |
Mechanical traction devices can cause nerve damage, disc injury, or exacerbation of existing conditions if contraindications aren't screened properly. |
Moderate surcharge; carriers evaluate equipment maintenance, screening protocols, and operator training. |
| In-Office X-Ray / Diagnostic Imaging |
Radiation exposure, missed findings on films, and overutilization claims. Requires proper licensing and equipment calibration. |
Adds exposure; carriers require proof of radiography licensing and equipment compliance. |
| Multidisciplinary Practice |
Employing massage therapists, PTs, acupuncturists, or NPs within a chiropractic clinic creates vicarious liability and supervision exposure. |
Entity-level premium increase; each provider type adds exposure. Credentialing and scope-of-practice documentation required. |
| Supplement / Product Sales |
Adverse reactions, contamination, or health claims for supplements, orthotics, or devices sold in the clinic. |
Adds product liability exposure; may require separate endorsement or standalone product liability policy. |