| Spine Surgery (Fusions, Laminectomies, Discectomies) |
High severity exposure: neurological injury, paralysis, non-union, hardware failure, and large verdict potential. Even low-volume spine work reclassifies the practice. |
+50–100% PL surcharge vs. no-spine surgical class; some carriers require higher limits or detailed case logs. |
| Total Joint Arthroplasty (Hip/Knee/Shoulder) |
Frequent allegations: SSI/PI, aseptic loosening, nerve injury, malalignment, leg-length discrepancy, or DVT/PE. |
+20–40% PL increase with higher volume; infection-reduction protocols can earn credits. |
| Arthroscopy & Sports (ACL, Rotator Cuff, Labrum) |
Claims for residual instability, stiffness, CHL complex injuries, or missed pathology. Treating elite/pro athletes amplifies lost-earnings exposure. |
+20–50% PL; endorsements or exclusions may apply for professional/elite athlete care or team physician services. |
| Fracture Care & ORIF (Trauma Call) |
Improper reduction, compartment syndrome, infection, or malunion/non-union allegations. Emergency settings raise severity. |
+10–30% PL for heavy trauma mix; carriers review call schedules and ED volume. |
| Foot/Ankle & Hand (Tendon/Nerve Repairs) |
Nerve/tendon dysfunction, CRPS, stiffness, or chronic pain claims; high functional expectations. |
+10–25% PL in high-volume subspecialty practices; documentation quality affects pricing. |
| Outpatient/ASC High-Throughput Lists |
Operational exposures (turnover, sterilization, discharge) heighten SSI and readmit risk; GL exposure from foot traffic. |
Moderate PL/GL uptick; carriers may require ASC accreditation and infection benchmarks. |
| Biologics/Adjuncts (Bone Graft Substitutes, PRP) |
Product-related failure, off-label use, or unrealistic outcome expectations. |
May need endorsements; +10–20% PL if central to practice and not manufacturer-covered. |