| Procedure Mix & Invasiveness |
Greater proportion of higher-risk or minor procedures (e.g., complex laceration repair, I&D, cyst excision) increases exposure to infection, nerve injury, and technique disputes. |
+10–35% PL surcharge as volume rises; carriers may ask for CPT mix and outcomes logs. |
| Missed/Delayed Diagnosis Exposure |
Primary care claims commonly involve failure to diagnose (cancer, cardiac, sepsis) or delayed referral. |
Baseline driver of PL rates; heavy diagnostic workload can add +10–25% unless strong triage/follow-up protocols are shown. |
| Claims History & Loss Runs |
Prior paid claims, reserves, or multiple incidents signal future risk to underwriters. |
Single paid claim may add +15–40%; multiple/severe claims can force E&S markets or higher deductibles. |
| Location / Venue Risk |
Litigious counties and states without damages caps see larger verdicts (“nuclear” awards). |
+10–50% by venue; urban coastal metros price highest. |
| Practice Setting & Volume |
High patient throughput, urgent care hours, or after-hours clinics raise error potential and GL foot traffic risk. |
+10–30% (PL/GL); carriers may ask for annual encounters and site safety controls. |
| Staff & Extenders |
Use of NPs/PAs, RNs, and medical assistants introduces vicarious liability and supervision questions. |
Entity and shared/individual limits needed; +5–20% depending on headcount, supervision, and protocols. |
| Telemedicine (Multistate) |
Cross-border care without licensure or compact coverage creates uncovered exposure; documentation gaps elevate diagnosis risk. |
+10–25% if significant; refusals/exclusions possible for multistate telehealth without proof of licensure and HIPAA platform. |
| Controlled-Substance Programs |
Chronic opioid/weight-loss prescribing (e.g., stimulants) increases allegation severity (overdose, addiction, CV events). |
+10–30% and tighter underwriting; PDMP use and monitoring plans often required. |
| Undisclosed or Outside-Specialty Procedures |
Performing procedures not listed on the application, or outside training/privileges, can void coverage. |
Restriction: Claim denials or policy rescission for material misrepresentation; carriers may decline or exclude retroactively. |
| Experimental / Off-Label Services |
New/experimental therapies or off-label device/drug use without endorsement lack actuarial predictability. |
Often excluded unless specifically endorsed; otherwise +20–50% surcharge with documentation and consent requirements. |
| Documentation & Informed Consent |
Poor charting, missing consents, or weak referral tracking undermines defense in diagnosis/procedure claims. |
+5–15% if deficiencies noted; discounts available (5–10%) for audited protocols/EHR templates. |
| Policy Form, Limits & Deductible |
Occurrence vs. claims-made, higher limits (e.g., $2M/$6M), and low deductibles change premium load. |
Occurrence +5–15% vs. claims-made; higher limits add $500–$2,000+; tail purchase priced separately. |
| Board/Disciplinary Actions |
Open investigations, consent orders, or past sanctions indicate elevated risk. |
Surcharges or non-renewal; some carriers impose exclusions or require higher retentions. |
| Risk Management & CME |
Carrier-approved training, peer review, and closed-loop follow-up reduce claim frequency/severity. |
Potential 5–15% credits; required for practices with recent losses to maintain preferred rates. |