| Airway Management & Intubation Assistance |
Assisting with ETT placement, confirming position, securing the airway. Risks include trauma, esophageal intubation, hypoxia, and aspiration — often cited in high-severity claims. |
+20–40% PL surcharge in high-acuity settings; some carriers require documentation of competencies/simulation training or limit independent intubation to endorsed scopes. |
| Mechanical Ventilation Initiation & Titration |
Setting modes/parameters, weaning, alarms. Exposure to barotrauma/volutrauma, VAP, delayed response to alarms, or failure to escalate care. |
+15–30% PL increase for ICU/NICU roles; entity policies may require quality metrics (VAP bundle compliance, alarm audits) to avoid higher deductibles. |
| Medication Delivery (Nebulizers, Inhalers) |
Bronchodilators, anticholinergics, steroids; risks include dosing errors, contraindications, adverse reactions, and incomplete monitoring post-administration. |
+10–20% when high-volume or independent protocols are used; carriers may ask for formulary, double-check procedures, and ADR documentation. |
| Invasive Diagnostics (e.g., ABG Puncture) |
Arterial puncture with risk of hematoma, nerve/arterial injury, infection, or delay in acting on critical results. |
+10–15% PL adjustment with frequent ABGs; endorsements sometimes required for line placement where within scope. |
| Transport & Emergency Response |
Interfacility/ED transport, codes, rapid response. Risks from equipment failures, handoff errors, and environmental constraints during movement. |
+15–30% PL/GL combined exposure; carriers look for transport protocols, handoff checklists, and equipment check logs. |
| Sleep Studies & PAP Titration |
In-lab polysomnography, CPAP/BiPAP titration. Risks: mis-scoring, poor follow-up, mask-related injury in fragile skin, missed central apnea. |
Minimal to +10% if standalone sleep lab; may require separate entity coverage and data-security add-ons. |
| Home Oxygen & Home Health Support |
Home setup, education, and follow-up. Risks: improper flow settings, equipment misuse, trip hazards, or delayed escalation. |
+10–20% for off-site liability; GL needed for in-home exposures and sub-limits for rented equipment. |